9.8 - ARCHITECTS OF THE MODERN TELEVISION
Like others chapters in the History of Electronics, the steady progress of the television technology was possible only due to the so many contributions of inventors, engineers and scientists.
Such pioneering achievements are traced through a brief narrative of the foremost personalities related with the evolution of this important field of communication. (a) Amongst them are:

Charles Francis Jenkins:

Wworked in a reliable motion picture, which led him to radio and television. In 1925, he demonstrates a mechanical scanning system using a revolving disk. Jenkins died on June 1934 in Washington D.C. on the threshold of television.

John Logie Baird:
Was born on August 13, 1888 in Helensburg, Scotland. He went to school at Larchfield Royal technical College and Glasgow University where he studied engineering.
In 1923 he started his reseraches about television and later he demonstrated a mechanical scanning system. Around 1935, Baird invented the NOCTORVISOR, a peculiar apparatus for transmitting pictures by using infrared rays.

Karl Ferdinand Braun:
Was born in June 6, 1850 in Fulda, Germany. He studied at Marburg and Berlin. In 1885, Braun became professor of Physics and later director of the Physical Institute at Strasburg. He was responsible for the development of the first cathode ray tube, the forerunner of the modern picture tube.

a) ilustração de um dos primeiros sistemas de projeção de imagem.

Paul Nipkow:
Inventor of the television-scanning disk. Nipkow was educated in Lauemburg, Pomerania. In 1884, a patented was granted to him for his invention of the scanning television disk used in the majority of the early television systems. However, in spite of his advanced ideas for the time the Nipkow's concept for a long distance image transmission lacked of many technical resources such as the photocell, the cathode ray tube Augsut 24, 1940, in Berlin, Germany.

Philo Taylor Farnsworth:
Was an American pioneer in the development of the all-electronic television system whose patent application took place in 1927. Basically it comprises an image converter called DISSECTOR by the inventor, which operates in conjunction with an electron multiplier called as MULTIPACTOR.

Vladimir Kosma Zworinkins:
Was born July 30, 1889 in Mouron, Russia. In 1812, he completed a course in electrical engineering at the Technological Institute of Linengrad where he studied under the supervision of Boris Rossing, a professor of Physics and a pioneer in the researches for an early television system using a mechanical scanning disk coupled with the Braun cathode tube. The Bolshevik Revolution subsequently was to motivate him to emigrate to the United States where, first at Wetinghouse and later at the Radio Corporation of America he invented the first iconoscope camera tube finally patented in 1938.

William Crookes:
Through his researches in Chemistry and Physics he was responsible for several discoveries such as the Chemical element Thallium as well as he invented one of the earliest form of X-Ray tube known as the Crookes tube. Such a device later was upgraded and used by Roentgen when during his experiments he notice the emission of mysterious rays called by him as X-Rays.
Crookes original researches led another scientist, J.J.Thomson to discover the Electron and in this way to define the nature of the cathode rays. William Crookes passed away April 14, 1919 in London, England.